Trump Jr.’s rising influence was first visible to his father’s aides in February, when Trump delivered his first major speech since leaving office at the annual Conservative Political Action Conference in Orlando. “Don has the pulse of the base and knows where the energy of the party is, so he’s sort of the go-to person now on a lot of political things,” one Trump aide said. He again panned transgender athletes during a brief appearance at his father’s “Stop the Steal” rally from the White House Ellipse on January 6. claimed her success was a “grave injustice to so many young women” in a tweet. When Cece Telfer, a transgender woman, qualified for the NCAA Women’s Division II Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 2019, Trump Jr. had made base-pumping statements about various expansions of transgender rights to his right-wing followers on Twitter and Instagram. ![]() But inside the former President’s orbit, it was abundantly clear who had influenced him.įor years, Trump Jr. To outside observers, it seemed odd that Trump, who largely avoided LGBTQ issues during his presidency beyond banning transgender Americans from serving in the US military, would issue a statement skewering one of the nation’s most conservative governors over a veto related to transgender youth. Two days later, the ex-President released a statement through his Save America leadership PAC accusing Hutchinson of supporting the “chemical castration of children.” A person familiar with the episode said Trump was “cursing at the television,” and became increasingly frustrated by Hutchinson’s rebuttals. The former President had been watching one of his favorite primetime programs, “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” from the residence at his Mar-a-Lago club when Carlson and Hutchinson got into a sparring match over the matter. Unlike the days when Trump would camp out in an annex off the Oval Office, griping to aides about critical cable coverage he’d seen of himself or his administration, this time he was incensed by Hutchinson’s veto of a Republican-backed bill blocking gender-affirming treatments for transgender youth in his state. Asa Hutchinson over the Arkansas Republican’s stance on transgender issues, one that would have previously escaped his attention. Trump Jr.’s impact was on full display earlier this month, when Trump caught himself fuming at a televised interview with Gov. ![]() ![]() Aides describe their relationship as notably more affable than Trump’s ever was with Kushner, who has taken a break from politics. – who never worked in the White House and is undeniably the most conservative member of the Trump family – has been steadily influencing his father’s political instincts. In the months since Trump left Washington, Trump Jr. His properties are still serving itīut his role extends far beyond operational guidance. Trump gave defiant Thanksgiving remarks at the White House Thursday, insisting falsely that he beat Joe Biden and wavering on whether he would ever concede or attend Bidens inauguration. President Donald Trump listens during a videoconference with members of military in the Diplomatic Room of the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Thursday, Nov.
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![]() Use the SIM card tool (or a straightened paper clip, but preferably the proper tool) to eject the SIM card holder from the side of the phone.Power down the phone: hold down the power button (or the power button and volume down, if it’s a Face ID equipped iPhone) and swipe your finger across as directed.Once your phone has been unlocked you’ll receive a confirmation from the carrier. Shop around if anybody quotes you a higher price. These seem to charge between £10 and £25, and we wouldn’t pay more than that. But some carriers are still setting admin charges, so you might prefer looking at third-party options. Ideally you shouldn’t pay anything to unlock your iPhone, because your carrier should unlock it for you for free. Doctor SIM successfully unlocked our phone with no problems and no hidden fees, so we feel confident in recommending them. It does stipulate, ‘As long as the second-hand device is more than six months old and has not been reported lost or stolen then we can unlock it’ĭoctor SIM, which promises to refund you if the unlock is unsuccessful, so that could be an option if you’ve tried all of the methods listed above. If you’ve bought the iPhone second-hand, say from eBay, then EE will unlock it for you at a cost of £8.99. If you’re a Pay As You Go customer and have enough credit to pay the £8.99 admin fee, EE will unlock your iPhone for you. If your contract has reached it’s end, then EE will unlock the iPhone for free. It’ll cost £8.99 if you’re still within the contract, though, and takes around 72 hours. ![]() If you’ve had your EE account for at least six months and have paid all of your bills to date,ĮE will unlock your iPhone for you. Should this not be the case, then you can still request EE to unlock the device. So if you know the purchase date, then you might find that the device will unlock itself very soon. ![]() Scroll down to your carrier to find out that company’s specific process.ĮE states that it will automatically unlock ‘an iPad or iPhone – 18 months after it was sold (or after it was dispatched, if it was a replacement)’. Contact your network providerīelow we will outline separately how to get your iPhone unlocked from each of the UK’s most popular networks. That’s the shortened version, but let’s go through those steps in a bit more detail. Check that the iPhone is able to connect a phone call over the new network.Power down the phone, then replace the old SIM card with a SIM from a different network.If you haven’t got the original SIM, you’ll need to reset the phone before it can be unlocked.Contact your provider and request an unlock using the contact details and online tools listed below.There are four simple steps to take to unlock an iPhone: The previous owner may have bought the iPhone as part of a contract, and it’s been standard practice for years that the network provider uses software restrictions to keep the device tied to its service for the duration of the contract. The reason for the device being locked is most likely if you bought it second-hand or inherited it from a friend or family member. Windowsden.uk is not directly affiliated with SwiftMedia, the developers of Music Tag Editor Pro. Click to start using Music Tag Editor Pro for Pc now! You will see the Music Tag Editor Pro app icon.It will display a page containing all your installed applications. To use the Music Tag Editor Pro app, open your Emulator » "All Apps".Hit the Install button and your application will start Installing.It will display Music Tag Editor Pro in your Emulator Software. Once installed, Open the Emulator app, type Music Tag Editor Pro in the search bar and hit search. ![]() Using Music Tag Editor Pro on the Computer:.Install the Bluestacks.exe or Nox.exe Software emulator on your Windows PC.We recommend Bluestacks since it is very popular with lots of online tutorials. Support batch processing 10,000 music files at one time. Their functions are exactly the same.Īn emulator imitates/ emulates an android device on your computer, making it easy to install and run android apps from the comfort of your PC. Add song title, artist, album name, genre, and others to the songs without ID3 tags from CDs or else. You can also use it to solve some garbled problems caused by text encoding.Ä¡1. Customize tag's key and value of music file. Music Tag Editor is a powerful and easy-to-use tool to reading and editing the meta-data of several popular audio formats. The concise and clear interactive method can help you modify metadata in batches efficiently and quickly.Ä©. Due to historical reasons, there are two apps, Music Tag Editor and Music Tag Edito Pro.Ĩ. You can also conveniently use it to download album art, lyrics, metadata and other information from the Internet (MusicBrainZ) to automatically complete the metadata.ħ. Supports batch renaming of files using metadata, and formatting and writing metadata from file names.Ħ. Music Tag Editor is a professional all-round tool for editing metadata of audio and video files.Ä¥. PC with Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 8. For a Microsoft Store installation, the configuration folder is at C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Packages\35795FlorianHeidenreich.Mp3tagrf0p6xgxmspcc\LocalCache\Roaming\Mp3tag\ Requirements.iTunes specific tags is fully supported (up to 32 kind of tags).Ĥ. The Microsoft Store installation is only available for Windows 10 and later. Support senior lyric editor and preview at realtime. support Batch Find & Replace tags with regular expression supported. user can change,convert the tag text encoding easily, it also can repair messy code in situations. ![]() Online album image download,multi album image supported. support batch edit any kind of tags of music file.Ä¢. support id3v1,id3v2,xiphComments, APE Tag, Ogg Tags, ASF Tags, iTunes tags and so on.
The Maintenance module will free up disk space on your Mac’s disk, repair broken file permissions, and compress the size of your Time Machine backup.ĬleanMyMac X is a paid cleaning tool but you can use the trial version for free. The Space Lens feature lets you see what’s taking up all your disk space and where it is. You can use the utilities in the Applications module to uninstall applications, remove system extensions, and find outdated apps and update them accordingly. Like MacKeeper, CleanMyMac X also lets you effectively manage applications on your Mac. It also has a Smart Scan feature that thoroughly scans your Mac and cleans unneeded junk, neutralizes potential threats, and boosts your system performance. The software has a clean interface, and you’ll find everything you need to clean and optimize your Mac in the sidebar. Pay a bit extra, and you can have lifetime updates, so that investment should pay off eventually.ĬleanMyMac X offers a suite of tools that remove junk files and malware from your Mac. In fact, Disk Drill would complement an app like MacKeeper or CleanMyMac, giving you a full range of security, privacy and optimization tools. There are no antivirus functions in Disk Drill, so you’ll still need a security app. It’s not as visually appealing as the disk analyzer in some of the other apps here, but it works well.ĭisk Drill can also help you to create a bootable macOS USB stick, and it will erase your free disk space to prevent old files being read. You’ll find this in the Extra tools section, along with a duplicate finder, data shredder, a backup tool, various other tools for maintaining your Mac’s disk health. There isn’t a cleaning function, per se, but rather a disk analyzer like DaisyDisk. ![]() You can even recover data from Time Machine backups. Its primary use is as a data recovery tool, not just for Macs but for iOS and Android devices too. ![]() But if you want the more advanced features like automatic clearing of your browser history, real-time monitoring of junk files, and automatic updates, you'll need to upgrade to the professional version.ĭisk Drill isn’t just a Mac cleaner. The free version has the essential tools you need to clean your Mac's storage. The built-in Duplicate Finder will also help free up extra space by removing duplicate files located in similar or different folders on your Mac.ĬCleaner is available for free, but there's a professional version that costs $29.95. For example, you can use the Startup tool to change your Mac's startup programs and optimize your Mac's startup speed. It scans both system and third-party applications.Īsides from cleaning junk files, CCleaner also offers other performance optimization tools to instantly free up your Mac memory. And now the company has one of the best Mac cleaning apps you’ll find too.ĬCleaner offers a cleaning tool that analyzes your Mac’s storage to hunt out cache files, browser cookies, and other junk. This gives you access to remote servers all over the world, so you can hide your identity and location.Īs a security app, it’s missing ransomware protection, so hopefully that will be added at some point.ĬCleaner is a well-known name in the cleaning software industry, having made PC apps for many years. On top of all that, MacKeeper comes with a VPN service included as part of the subscription. And you can use MacKeeper’s Smart Uninstaller tool to uninstall apps and remove their respective leftover files. MacKeeper also comes with a built-in Update Tracker, which checks your Mac for outdated apps and updates them accordingly. But it’s also a complete security and optimization tool, with real-time antivirus, a duplicate finder, an ad blocker, and a variety of other privacy protection functions. MacKeeper is an all-in-one app with a bunch of built-in cleaning tools that’ll get rid of junk and redundant files eating up your Mac’s storage. It doesn’t matter if you’re a Mac newbie or a pro - you’ll get a hang of MacKeeper easily. ![]() MacKeeper boasts improved functionality, a refreshed design, and an easy-to-navigate interface. This is the latest version of the MacKeeper software. ![]() VHD: Supports virtual disks up to 2040GB in size.Virtual hard disk size: Assign the amount of disk space that will be allocated for the volume to use, minimum size is 50GB.We recommend using a per-user directory path location to store your Dev Drive to avoid any unintentional sharing. The default location is C:\, unless creating a Dev Drive using Dev Home, in which case the default location is %userprofile%\DevDrives. Location: Assign a directory path where the Dev Drive VHD will be located on your machine.Virtual hard disk name: Give a name to your VHD (Dev Drive). ![]() When choosing the Create new VHD option to set up a Dev Drive, you will then need to determine the following: * This option will only display if you have previously set up unallocated space in your storage. Unallocated space on disk - Use the unallocated space on an existing disk.Resize an existing volume - Create new unallocated space to build on.Create new VHD - Build volume on a new virtual hard disk.Learn more about how to Configure Dev Drive security policy. If you are working in a business enterprise environment, your security administrator will need to Configure Dev Drive security policy in order to enable Dev Drive.ĭev Drive is intended only for key developer scenarios and any custom settings will still be covered by Group Policy settings in Business or Enterprise work environments. ![]() When updating to the latest Windows 11 release, you may need an additional reboot before the Dev Drive feature becomes available. Dev Drives are available on all Windows SKU versions.Windows 11, Build #1.2338 or later ( Check for Windows updates).You can also set up a Dev Drive using Dev Home's Machine configuration. * Before setting up a Dev Drive, ensure that the prerequisites are met. To set up a new Dev Drive, open Windows Settings and navigate to System > Storage > Advanced Storage Settings > Disks & volumes. See the blog post: Dev Drive for Performance Improvements in Visual Studio and Dev Boxes for some average improvement measurements across common dev operations. WinfrGUI is an absolute free software for download and use and it will always be.Dev Drive is a new form of storage volume available to improve performance for key developer workloads.ĭev Drive builds on ReFS technology to employ targeted file system optimizations and provide more control over storage volume settings and security, including trust designation, antivirus configuration, and administrative control over what filters are attached. ![]() Supports Windows 10/11, NTFS/FAT/exFAT/ReFS. Recover accidentally deleted files recover files from formatted hard drives recover files from damaged hard drives. Recover lost Windows files from SSD/HDD/USB/memory card under Windows 11/10, NTFS/FAT/exFAT/ReFS. Recover media files/office files/ZIP files, etc., including JPEG/PDF/DOCX/MP3/EXCEL/ZIP, etc. Quick scan can recover files with directory structure and file name under NTFS file system deep scan can recover more files with lost directory structure and file name. It is a great alternative to Windows File Recovery supported and endorsed by Microsoft. Its interface is clear at a glance, and all levels of users can recover deleted or lost Windows files with just a few mouse clicks. Released in December 2021, WinfrGUI is a 100% free Windows file recovery utility with a GUI. A cheap blender will whirl around but it won’t make an icy margarita or you will have ice cube chunks in your smoothie.Ī better blender will smooth it and cut ice and also rotates the mixture instead of pulsing the bottom and not the top. I think your question is really about the cost difference. The stick blender allows you to do a few pluses while keeping things chunky. I find it’s dangerous to transfer hot food to a blender that has air gaps. To smooth out a soup that i don’t want completely velvet texture i use a $20 stick blender. Also for chopping up nuts or sticky things like dates. I use my food processor for cutting veggies, making serious sauces (like chopped w onions or peppers, making nice cream (frozen banana ice cream) and sometimes dough/crust. I use it for margaritas, blending some soups smooth and smoothies. So I’ve had a $110 Waring blender for about 10years. That all written, for years I just went to the thrift-store and bought blenders and used them till them died. People can be weird about their appliances- Vitamix people in particular, so take the recommendation with a grain of salt from the cupboard of a cult. The advantage of going up to a larger size stand mixer is the unit isn't stressed when we make bread, the old Kitchen Aid was fantastic, but one could smell it getting hot.Īmerica's Test Kitchen has good methodologies and recommendations, but back when my spouse was comparing blenders, the simple controls of the Vitamix were a selling point, along with it's power. We make at least one loaf of bread a week, so after we killed a 30yo Kitchen Aid, we saved to get a larger one with a more powerful motor and it was (and is still) worth it. And lastly, for our wedding, we were handed down a kitchen aid mixer. (The warenty covered the container when it became super discolored.) The Instant Pot did away with our slow cooker, pressure cooker, and rice maker and is used most days too, though we are on our second one (I may have killed the first one, using the quarter trick to make popcorn). The Vitamix has survived ages of daily abuse, and has been worth every penny spent. There are three kitchen items we spent money on, that we use regularly enough to justify the cost. If you are new to R/Frugal check out our WIKI for helpful tools, answers to FAQs and links to recommended subreddits. Report infractions and let the mods handle it. What's good for you might not be good for others, and vice versa.ĭon't be baited into violating the rules. Stores, products, prices and resources all vary by location. Remember that not everyone lives where you live. If you have questions about a removal or wish to request reinstatement, message the moderators.Įveryone has their own definition of frugality, and reason for being frugal.ĭiscuss and debate, but don't fight over it, or be condescending to those who do not share your particular view on frugality. Removed posts will include flair indicating why it was removed.ĭepending on the removal reason, posts and comments may be reinstated if edited. If posting something you made, leave a top level comment explaining how or why you went about it, how much it cost, how much time it took, and share the recipe or materials needed. ![]() If posting an image, make sure the title is informative and clear in how it relates to frugality, and follow it up with a top level comment with details. ![]() If requesting advice, explain your situation as best you can so that users have something to work with. No lost money, beer money, stocks/investing, or cryptocurrency/NFT money-making schemes.įollow posting and commenting guidelines in sidebar.īe informative. Refrain from posting uncivil or off-topic political content or social issues. Reserve hauls and finds for the megathread or Frugal Finds Friday. No promotion or discussion of fraud, theft, piracy, ULPTs, harassment, or illegal activity.įollow up image posts with a comment, and be descriptive and informative when posting in general. Low effort, off topic, inane, or crude content will be removed. R/Frugal Discord Rules - Read the full rules here Our Wiki and GuidesĪ Guide to Free Services, Events, and Things In Your Community and on the Internet - See thread hereĪ list of subreddits for redditors in need of short term assistance, or just guidance and advice Let's all work together to keep r/Frugal on-topic, friendly, honest and helpful. It includes time, money, convenience, and many other factors. ![]() Frugality is the mental approach we each take when considering our resource allocations. ![]() And guess what? There's science to back this up, not just unicorn dreams! Polarity training, also known as polarized running, is all about slowing down (think 4 out of 10 effort) for 85% of your runs and then going all-out with high-intensity training (9/10 effort) for the remaining 15% of your runs. It's like trying to catch the last local train during rush hour in Mumbai, which is not only tiring but may also leave you feeling like you've run a marathon in the crowd!Įnter the hero of the story: Polarity Training! □♂️ This method doesn't really help you improve your running pace and it also puts you at risk of injury because you're pushing yourself all the time. It's like running on a hamster wheel with no finish line in sight, and let's face it, hamsters deserve a break too. You end up doing a whole bunch of those moderately-paced runs that don't seem to lead anywhere. You're not going all out, nor are you taking it easy. Like most recreational runners, I wake up, pick a distance, and aim to cover it as swiftly as possible.īut here's the catch: this approach often leaves you in a gray zone. Run Slower to Go Faster! The Science of Getting Better at Running□♂️ (and maybe at work :p)Īs someone who's tackled a couple of marathons, I still struggle to figure out how to boost my running speed. #health #recovery #coldshowers #coldtherapy #wimhof #wimhofmethod But I would 100% recommend having cold showers in your daily routine! Having a cold shower helps you re-learn that lesson.“ Taking a cold shower isn’t going to kill you. Accept it, but don’t mentally suffer over it. Your body saying it’s cold is different from your mind saying it. “Most suffering from a cold shower is the tip-toeing your way in. Don’t think a lot, do it! As Naval Ravikant puts it More importantly, cold showers taught me that most suffering is in the mind. It did help increase my alertness, recover faster, and actively practice deep breathing in the shower. You have to ease it in with 1 min on day 1…then ramp it up. Personally, for me, cold showers were a painful habit to get into. ![]() But it improves metabolism.Ĭold showers also help in having better immunity, skin health, and recovery post-workout. No! Magically you are not going to lose weight only with cold showers. So you can easily handle stressful situations coming your way! Your body then gets used to handling stress (called hardening). Reduces stress: weight training to increase willpowerĬold showers impose small stress on your body. It helps to focus better and get ready for the day. The CO2 levels decrease in your body and you become more alert. While taking cold showers, you end up taking deep breaths. ![]() So yes, cold exposure and advanced breathing have insane benefits.īut coming back to cold showers: the science says, a 3-5 mins daily cold shower can Reportedly, he has 100% control over his erections, he can naturally trigger his DMT glands (basically get high :P) without using drugs or psychedelics, he can hold his breath for 10 mins, he can control his heart rate, and he only eats once a day (for the last 38 years)…. And of course, he trained people in only 4 days (instead of 10) to show a similar fighting response of 45 mins! When concluded: he is an exception, he challenged the scientists that he can train anyone within 10 days. But with Wim’s training (breathing and cold exposure), he controlled the symptoms within a mere 45 mins! Well in 2011, he was injected with a bacteria which leads to high fever, headaches, and uncontrolled gibbering for 6+ hours. He has scientifically proven that humans can control their autonomous nervous system, which, until then was deemed impossible. Why? Because he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in shorts, ran a half marathon on the Arctic Circle barefoot, and stood covered with ice cubes for more than 2 hours. Do cold showers actually work? I tried them for 30 days.Īll athletes and celebrities have a cold shower in their routine.Ĭold therapy is popularised most by Wim Hof a.k.a “The Iceman”. ![]() You may want to note that you cannot send USDT via the Solana, BEP2 or TRC20 networks as Metamask does not support these networks. Here are the networks that you can use to send USDT from Binance to Metamask: To send USDT from Binance to Metamask, you can do so using the ERC20 or the BEP20 networks. How to transfer USDT from Binance to Metamask For steps that are specific to the cryptocurrency that you wish to withdraw, you can check out the guides below: These are the general steps for how to send Binance to your Metamask wallet. The time taken to send ETH over will heavily depend on the congestion of the network that you used. The BEP20 version of Ethereum is also known as Binance-Peg Ethereum, and you can find out more about this here.Īfter the transfer has been initiated, you will receive ETH in your Metamask Wallet. However, if you want ETH on the BNB Smart Chain, you will need to select ‘ BSC ‘, and the same will apply for Arbitrum. If you want ETH on the Ethereum Mainnet, you will need to select ‘ ERC20 ‘. Since the deposit address is the same for all 3 networks, you will need to select the correct network to send your tokens with. You may want to note that you aren’t able to send ETH via the BNB Beacon Chain (BEP2), as this network is not supported on Metamask. The next step will be to enter the transaction details.Īfter pasting the deposit address from Metamask, Binance will show you the possible networks that you can use to withdraw to your wallet: You may want to note that you won’t be able to send BTC to your Metamask wallet. ![]() Once you’re there, you can search for the cryptocurrency and then select ‘ Withdraw ‘. Once you have copied the address from Metamask, you will need to go to Wallet ‘, and then ‘ Fiat/Spot ‘ on Binance’s platform. ![]() wallet address, which makes it much easier to transfer cryptocurrencies between platforms! If you are finding it hard to remember all of these long deposit addresses, you may want to consider simplifying them using Unstoppable Domains. However, to view your cryptocurrencies on a certain network, you will still need to add that network to your Metamask wallet. The deposit address for any of these networks will be the same, as they are all EVM-compatible networks. Once you have selected the appropriate network on your Metamask wallet, you will need to copy the deposit address from your Metamask wallet. However, you are also able to connect Metamask to other blockchain networks, such as: The default network for all Metamask wallets is the Ethereum Mainnet. The first thing you’ll need to do is to ensure that you’ve selected the appropriate network on Metamask. In this example, I will be sending ETH from Binance to Metamask, but the same steps can be applied to other cryptocurrencies. Receive the cryptocurrency in your Metamask wallet Select the cryptocurrency that you wish to withdraw from BinanceĮnter the transaction details and withdraw the cryptocurrency using your preferred network Select the appropriate network on your Metamask walletĬopy the wallet address from your Metamask wallet Here are 5 steps to transfer cryptocurrencies from Binance to your Metamask wallet: Here’s a complete guide on how you can transfer tokens from Binance to Metamask: However, there are quite a few networks you can choose when withdrawing, so which ones should you use ? You may have bought some cryptocurrencies on Binance, and you may be looking to send them to your Metamask wallet. ![]() ![]() At the top you will find the game, click on ‘ get’.Now, open AppValley application and search for ‘ Brawl Stars Hack’.Change the profile of App Valley to ‘ trusted’. Go to Settings, applications and choose profile.Install AppValley on your iOS device, and give it the permissions it is asking for.Select the official website, and scroll down to the ‘ download’ button.At the top you will find the official website click on it. Now, open the browser and search for App Valley.Go to Settings and enable download from other sources of your preferable browser.Since App Store won’t allow you to install this version of Brawl Stars MOD, you have to install it using third-party app store called App Valley. Here is the guide to do it seamlessly.ĭownload & Install Brawl Stars MOD on iOS ![]() We understand your concern to having download it. These are just countable uses of Brawl Stars Private Server. Easy walk through: The reason behind people playing this mod of Brawl Stars is having to get an easy walk through the levels and hurdles.Best service and regular updates: By installing Brawl Stars using App Valley you enable the choice of regular updates that the game brings on time basis.You can do it without jail breaking by following our steps as mentioned below. No Jail break required: The best thing is that to download the Brawl Stars Hack game you do not have to jail break your iOS device.You can enjoy the game without any limitations such as health. Unlimited assets in-game: As the game is multiplayer the best advantage of having this version is access to unlimited assets in-game.There are several benefits of Brawl Stars, depending on what the Brawl Stars MOD provide us. ![]() N2 - We introduce a methodology to predict when and where link additions/ upgrades have to take place in an Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. Zhang is with the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA (e-mail: Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNN.2005.853437 Taft is with Sprint ATL, Intel Research, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA (e-mail: Z.-L. Diot are with Sprint ATL, Intel Research, Cambridge CB3 0FD, U.K. Zhang was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANI-0073819, ITR-0085824, and CAREER Award NCR-9734428. Manuscript received Janurevised March 13, 2005. T1 - Long-term forecasting of Internet backbone traffic We show that forecasting the long term trend and the fluctuations of the traffic at the 12-h time scale yields accurate estimates for at least 6 months in the future.", Weekly approximations of those components can be accurately modeled with low-order autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. We show that this model accounts for 98% of the total energy in the original signal, while explaining 90% of its variance. We model inter-PoP aggregate demand as a multiple linear regression model, consisting of the two identified components. We show that the largest amount of variability in the original signal is due to its fluctuations at the 12-h time scale. The fluctuations around the obtained trend are further analyzed at multiple time scales. Using wavelet MRA, we smooth the collected measurements until we identify the overall long-term trend. Our methodology relies on the wavelet multiresolution analysis (MRA) and linear time series models. We show that IP backbone traffic exhibits visible long term trends, strong periodicities, and variability at multiple time scales. Using simple network management protocol (SNMP) statistics, collected continuously since 1999, we compute aggregate demand between any two adjacent points of presence (PoPs) and look at its evolution at time scales larger than 1 h. We show that forecasting the long term trend and the fluctuations of the traffic at the 12-h time scale yields accurate estimates for at least 6 months in the future.Ībstract = "We introduce a methodology to predict when and where link additions/ upgrades have to take place in an Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. We introduce a methodology to predict when and where link additions/ upgrades have to take place in an Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. |
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